Fetal Neurosonography: Ultrasound Findings in Different Types, Associated Syndromes and Impact on Fetal Outcome

Objective: The aim of this study is to show the ultrasound findings in different fetal brain anomalies and specify those which may raise the suspicion of associated extra cranial anomalies. Patients and Method: 60 pregnant women with suspected CNS fetal anomalies by 2D US were examined over a period of 18 months starting from November 2010 until May 2012. Fetal gestation ranged from 8-39 weeks with a 26 wks mean age. In all patients 2D, 3D and 4D ultrasound as well as fetal Doppler study were performed. Follow-up was done for all cases. Results: The most common anomaly seen was acrania (27%), followed by hydrocephalus (20%) and encephaloceles (18%). Associated syndromes or anomalies were found in 22 (37%) cases. Major anomalies which are incompatible with fetal life were diagnosed as early as 10 gestational weeks by using 3D and 4D ultrasound. Conclusion: The ability to simultaneously view and review a brain volume in all three scanning planes, by ‘navigating’ back and forth through the digitally stored data was found to be clinically important. It can be also used for teaching purposes especially in those with little experience in ultrasound, as the image with 3D is more distinct and clear.